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- <text id=92TT0267>
- <title>
- Feb. 03, 1992: Feats of Progress
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1992
- Feb. 03, 1992 The Fraying Of America
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- TELEVISION, Page 55
- Feats of Progress
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Ken Burns, whose new film airs this week, puts the "story" back
- in history
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Zoglin--Reported by William Tynan/New York
- </p>
- <p> "Do all your work as though you had a thousand years to
- live," said Mother Ann Lee, founder of the Shaker religious
- sect, "and as you would if you knew you must die tomorrow." It
- is no accident that Ken Burns picked the Shakers, who believed
- that God dwelt in the craftsmanship of their everyday work, as
- the subject for one of his films. Each of his works seems the
- labor of a lifetime: a painstaking assemblage of archival
- photographs, period documents, interviews and music, welded
- together by narration that can soar to near religious
- inspiration.
- </p>
- <p> Burns is best known for his hugely successful mini-series
- The Civil War. But this season viewers are getting a chance to
- see the full breadth of his talent. His first new work since
- The Civil War debuted in September 1990, Empire of the Air: The
- Men Who Made Radio, will be telecast on PBS this Wednesday. On
- the same night the public network will rerun his
- Oscar-nominated 1981 film, Brooklyn Bridge. Two more of Burns'
- films will be shown in July, and his entire oeuvre has been
- released on videocassette by Direct Cinema.
- </p>
- <p> There's more to come. Burns is working on a mini-series on
- the history of baseball, scheduled to air in 1994. He is
- overseeing (though not personally producing) another major
- historical series, on the American West. He is also planning a
- series of 60- and 90-minute biographies of American historical
- figures, such as Thomas Jefferson and Lewis and Clark.
- </p>
- <p> Burns has firmly established himself as the master film
- chronicler of America's past. "We've forgotten," he says, "that
- history used to have a popular dimension, that it is in fact
- made up mostly of the word story. Professional historians have
- found it convenient to speak only to themselves and have
- rendered history rather dry or obtuse. And, of course, history
- is anything but that."
- </p>
- <p> Burns is a celebrator of America, but his work goes deeper
- than mere patriotism. What fascinates him most is the creative
- act, those feats of inspiration and perseverance that move
- civilization forward. In Brooklyn Bridge and The Statue of
- Liberty, Burns chronicled the building of great structures that
- came to symbolize far more than stone and steel. What stands out
- most in The Civil War is the men--Lee, Sherman, Lincoln--who
- shaped events by the force of their vision and eloquence. In
- Huey Long, his marvelous portrait of the Louisiana demagogue,
- Burns seems attracted as much as repelled by his subject: the
- amassing of power can be a creative act too.
- </p>
- <p> Empire of the Air presents Burns with a tougher subject.
- The development of radio was a diffuse process that spanned
- many years and lacks the obvious emotional resonance of Burns'
- other subjects. Visually, the documentary has neither the
- grandeur of The Civil War nor the serene grace of The Shakers:
- Hands to Work, Hearts to God. Burns' chief stylistic device here
- is a periodic fade to black, an attempt to simulate the
- sightless charms of radio.
- </p>
- <p> Yet Burns makes his subject come alive by focusing on
- three crucial people. First is Lee DeForest, who patented the
- key invention that spawned the radio age--the three-element
- vacuum tube--but emerges as something of a self-promoter and
- con man. Edwin Howard Armstrong, who made important refinements
- in De Forest's invention and battled him endlessly in the
- patent courts, is the film's tragic hero: a bullheaded visionary
- defeated by people smarter and more ruthless than he. David
- Sarnoff, the founder of NBC, is one of those ruthless people ("I
- don't get ulcers; I give them," he once said), but he was the
- indispensable man who brought radio to the mass audience.
- Together, their lives illustrate a seldom-told story: how
- creativity and commerce intersect to form progress.
- </p>
- <p> Burns, 38, has been making documentaries since shortly
- after graduating from Hampshire College in Amherst, Mass. The
- Civil War made him virtually a national hero: he has been
- invited three times to the White House, received honorary
- degrees from eight colleges and turned down several offers from
- Hollywood and the networks. "I was flattered," he says, "but I
- told them I preferred to stay with public television, where I
- enjoy creative control and a sense of a willing home, not a
- fashionable home."
- </p>
- <p> Burns' own home is in Walpole, N.H., where he lives with
- his wife Amy (a sometime collaborator) and two daughters. He is a
- hands-on producer, sifting through libraries and archives
- himself in search of material (joined by one or two
- co-producers on each film) and participating in every interview.
- The crafting of a Burns film proceeds on two parallel tracks.
- On the one hand, film is shot and archival material collected
- without regard for what they might illustrate. At the same time,
- a script is prepared without regard for whether there are
- pictures to illustrate it. The editing process that follows,
- says Burns, is "an incredibly difficult horse-trading maneuver,
- in which you realize that a whole group of images won't be used
- because there's nothing ((in the script)), and a whole lot of
- words have to go because there's nothing to illustrate them."
- </p>
- <p> Burns eventually wants to try his hand at a fictional
- movie, probably on a historical subject. "I started off my
- career wanting to be the next John Ford," he says. "I was
- particularly drawn to the way his films seemed not just to
- retell but essentially to be American stories." With all his
- commitments, however, he estimates it will be 10 years before
- he gets the chance. But as Burns--as well as his audience--has learned, patience has its rewards.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
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